Abstract

ALZAROONI, H; MOLABE, H  and  MALHERBE, F. Breast tuberculosis - a review and diagnostic pathway. S. Afr. j. surg. [online]. 2025, vol.63, n.1, pp.45-51. ISSN 2078-5151.  https://doi.org/10.36303/SAJS.00978.

Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 0.1% of all breast conditions globally, with a higher incidence in endemic regions such as India, East Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. It can mimic breast carcinoma, complicating timely diagnosis. Early recognition and proper treatment are crucial for favourable outcomes in breast TB. This review offers a detailed examination of breast TB, and presents a diagnostic pathway designed to improve the diagnosis and management of the disease. This literature review considers the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnostic approaches, highlighting the need for a high level of clinical suspicion, particularly in TB-endemic areas. By providing a structured diagnostic framework, this paper aims to improve prompt and accurate diagnosis of breast TB, enhancing patient care and outcomes.

Keywords : extrapulmonary tuberculosis; granulomatous mastitis; breast infection; breast tuberculosis.

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