Resumen

PITSO, I et al. Evaluation of factors associated with gingival enlargement during fixed orthodontic treatment. S. Afr. dent. j. [online]. 2026, vol.81, n.2, pp.91-98. ISSN 0375-1562.  https://doi.org/10.17159/sadj.v81i02.24161.

INTRODUCTION: Gingival enlargement (GE) is a common finding among patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and clinical severity of gingival enlargement (GE) in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (OT) at the University of Pretoria Oral Health Center (UPOHC). The study also aims to determine the Plaque Index (PI) among these patients and explore the association of gingival enlargement with various factors, such as the different phases of orthodontic treatment, treatment duration, type of archwire used, age, and gender. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients undergoing fixed OT. Gingival enlargement was assessed using the gingival index proposed by Bokenkamp and Bonhorst (1994), and the plaque index (PI) was measured using O'Leary's method and an examination of clinical features. Variables such as treatment duration, orthodontic stage, type of archwire, and the use of molar bands were evaluated for their potential associations with GE. RESULTS: Gingival enlargement was found in 94% of participants, with higher prevalence and severity in cases with prolonged treatment and increased PI. However, there was no significant association between GE and variables such as gender, orthodontic stage, or molar bands (p>0.05). A significant link was found between generalised PI and GE severity (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Plaque accumulation emerged as an important factor in GE development during OT, emphasising the importance of optimal oral hygiene practices. Educating patients and implementing preventive strategies may mitigate GE risk and improve OT outcomes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings of this study can aid in facilitating the development of treatment protocols aimed at preventing and reducing the occurrence of GE during fixed OT.

Palabras clave : Gingival enlargement; fixed orthodontic treatment; plaque index; oral hygiene; orthodontic appliances.

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