ÇATH, A.U. et al. Performance and egg quality of aged laying hens fed diets supplemented with meat and bone meal or oyster shell meal. S. Afr. j. anim. sci. [online].
2012,
vol.42, n.1, pp. 74-82.
ISSN 0375-1589.
|
|
Anonymous, 1991. Animal feeds determination of metabolisable energy (chemical method). Turkish Standards Institute (TSE), Publ. No. 9610, pp. 1-3. [ Links ] AOAC, 1984. Official Methods of Analysis (14th ed.), Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, USA. [ Links ] Bozkurt, M., Alcicek, A. & Çabuk, M., 2004. The effect of dietary inclusion of meat and bone meal on the performance of laying hens at old age. S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci. 34, 31-36. [ Links ] Brister, R.D., Linton Jr, S.S., & Creger, C.R., 1981. Effects of dietary calcium sources and particle sizes on laying hens performance. Poult. Sci. 60, 2643-2654. [ Links ] Cheng, T.K. & Coon, C.N., 1990. Effect on layer performance and shell quality of switching limestone with different solubilities. Poult. Sci. 69, 2199-2203. [ Links ] De Faria, D.E., Junqueria, O.M., Sakomura, N.K. & Santana, A.E., 2000. Feeding systems and oyster shell meal supplementation on the performance and egg shell quality of laying hens. Rev. Braz. Zootec. 29 (5), 1394-1401. [ Links ] De Witt, F.H., Kuleile, N.P., Van der Merwe, H.J. & Fair, M.D., 2008. Influence of limestone particle size on egg production and eggshell quality of layers. Wrld's Poult. Sci. J. 64 (Suppl. 2), 411. [ Links ] Dozier, W.A., 2000. How to manage dietary phosphorous in environmentally sensitive areas. Feed Management 51, 10. [ Links ] FDA, 2001. Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Food and Drug Administration (8th Rev. ed.) AOAC International, Gaithersburg, M.D., USA. [ Links ] Giuliotti, L. & Cucco, E., 1994. Administration of vegetable diets or diets with animal proteins and fats to laying hens. 1. Productive Traits. Rivista-di-Avicoltura 63 (9), 29-32. [ Links ] Grizzle, J., Iheanacho, M., Saxton, A. & Broaden, J., 1992. Nutritional and environmental factors involved in egg shell quality of laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 33, 781-94. [ Links ] Guinotte, F. & Nys, Y., 1991. Effect of particle size and origin of calcium sources on eggshell quality and bone mineralization in egg laying hens. Poult. Sci. 70, 583-592. [ Links ] Hauser, G.F. & Norris, L.C., 1946. Oyster shells, calcite grit, ground limestone, and granite grit in rations for hens. Poult. Sci. 25, 173-179. [ Links ] Hunton, P., 1995. Understanding the architecture of the eggshell. Wrld Poult. Sci. J. 51, 140-147. [ Links ] Hunton, P., 2005. Research on egg shell structure and quality: An historical overview. Braz. J. Poult. Sci. Apr- June, 67-71. [ Links ] Keshevarz, K. & McCormick, C.C., 1991. Effect of sodium aluminosilicate, oyster shell and their combinations on acid- base balance and eggshell quality. Poult. Sci. 70, 313-325. [ Links ] Keshevarz, K. & Nakajima, S., 1993. Re-evaluation of calcium and phosphorus requirements of laying hens for optimum performance and eggshell quality. Poult. Sci. 72, 144-153. [ Links ] Lichovnikova, M., 2007. The effect of dietary calcium source, concentration, and particle size on calcium retention, egg shell quality, and overall calcium requirement in laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 48, 71-75. [ Links ] Makled, M.N. & Charles, O.W., 1987. Eggshell quality as influenced by sodium bicarbonate, calcium source, and photoperiod. Poult. Sci. 66, 705-712. Mongin, P. & Sauveur, B., 1974. Voluntary food and calcium intake by laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 15, 349-359. [ Links ] [ Links ] NRC, 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. (9th rev.) National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA. [ Links ] Oruseibio, S.M., 1995. Comparison of straight protein diets with mixed protein diets on egg production. Discovery and Innovation 7, 151-162. [ Links ] Parsons, A.H. & Combs, G.F., 1981. Blood ionized calcium in the chicken. Poult. Sci. 53, 1520-1524. [ Links ] Parsons, C.M., Castanon, F. & Han, Y., 1997. Protein and amino acid quality of meat and bone meal. Poult. Sci. 76, 361-368. [ Links ] Proudfoot, F.G. & Hulan, H.W., 1987. Effect on shell strength of feeding supplemental sources of calcium to adult laying hens given insoluble grit during the rearing period. Br. Poult. Sci. 28, 381-386. [ Links ] Rao, K.S. & Roland Sr., D.A., 1989. Influence of dietary Ca level and particle size of Ca-source on in vivo Ca-solubilization by commercial leghorns. Poult. Sci. 68, 1499-1505. [ Links ] Ravindran, V., Hendriks, W.H., Camden, B.J., Thomas, D.V., Morel, P.C.H. & Butts, C.A., 2002. Amino acids digestibility of meat and bone meals for broiler chickens. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 53, 1257-1264. [ Links ] Roberts, J., 2004. Factors affecting egg internal quality and egg shell quality in laying hens. J. Poult. Sci. 41, 161-177. [ Links ] Roland Sr, D.A., 1988. Eggshell problems: Estimates of incidence and economic impact. Poult. Sci. 67, 1801-1803. [ Links ] Roush, W.B.T., 1981. 159 calculator program for Haugh unit calculation. Poult. Sci. 60, 1086-1088. [ Links ] Safaa, H.M., Serrano, M.P., Valencia, D.G., Frikha, M., Jiménez-Moreno, E. & Mateos, G.G., 2008. Productive performance and egg quality of brown egg-laying hens in the late phase of production as influenced by level and source of calcium in the diet. Poult. Sci. 87, 2043-2051. [ Links ] SAS, 1991. SAS® User's Guide: Statistics. Version 6.03 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, N.C., USA. [ Links ] Scott, M.L., Hull, S.J. & Mullenhoff, P.A., 1971. The calcium requirements of laying hens and effects of dietary oyster shell upon egg shell quality. Poult. Sci. 50, 1055-1063. [ Links ] Sell, J.L. & Jeffrey, M.J., 1996. Availability for poults of phosphorus from meat and bone meals of different particle sizes. Poult. Sci. 75, 232-239. [ Links ] Shirley, R.B. & Parsons, C.M., 2001. Effect of ash content on protein quality of meat and bone meal. Poult. Sci. 80, 626-632. [ Links ] Waldroup, P., 2002. The future of poultry nutrition. Poult. Int. 41 (7), 12-19. [ Links ] Wang, X. & Parsons, C.M., 1998a. Effect of raw material source, processing system, and processing temperatures on amino acid digestibility of meat and bone meals. Poult. Sci. 77, 834-841. [ Links ] Wang, X. & Parsons, C.M., 1998b. Bioavailability of the digestible lysine and total sulfur amino acids in meat and bone meals varying in protein quality. Poult. Sci. 77, 1003-1009. [ Links ] Wang, X., Castanon, F. & Parsons, C.M., 1997. Order of amino acid limitation in meat and bone meal. Poult. Sci. 76, 54-58. [ Links ] Watkins, R.M., Dilworth, B.C. & Day, E.J., 1977. Effect of calcium supplement particle size and source on the performance of laying chickens. Poult. Sci. 56, 1641-1647. [ Links ] |