SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 
vol.34 número3 índice de autoresíndice de assuntospesquisa de artigos
Home Pagelista alfabética de periódicos  

Serviços Personalizados

Artigo

Indicadores

Links relacionados

  • Em processo de indexaçãoCitado por Google
  • Em processo de indexaçãoSimilares em Google

Compartilhar


SA Journal of Industrial Psychology

versão On-line ISSN 2071-0763
versão impressa ISSN 0258-5200

SA j. ind. Psychol. vol.34 no.3 Johannesburg  2008

 

EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

 

Logo-od: The applicability of logotherapy as an organisation development intervention

 

 

Daniel H Bürger; Freddie Crous; Gert Roodt

Department of Human Resource Management, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

Correspondence

 

 


ABSTRACT

The study investigated the relationship between "resistance to or readiness for change" (ROR-change) and "meaning seeking", and whether a logotherapy-based intervention - Logo-OD - would impact on resistance to change. A quasi-experimental design and various statistical procedures were applied to test formulated hypotheses. Of a survey population of 1 637 individuals, 193 and 76 respondents formed part of the pre- and post-test samples respectively. Whereas a significant relationship was established between said constructs, no significant effect of Logo-OD was observed. These results supported the primary conclusions emanating from the literature: the role of Logo-OD is one of a positive trigger event for organisational change.

Keywords: Organisational change, resistance to change, organisation development (OD), Viktor Frankl, logotherapy


 

 

“Full text available only in PDF format”

 

 

REFERENCES

Antonacopoulou, E.P. & Gabriel, Y. (2001). Emotion, learning and organizational change: towards an integration of psychoanalytic and other perspectives. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 14(5), 435-451.         [ Links ]

Ambrose, D. (1996). Healing the downsized organization. New York: Harmony.         [ Links ]

Argyris, C. (1964). T-groups for organizational effectiveness. Harvard Business Review, 2, 68-70.         [ Links ]

Armenakis, A.A., Harris, S.G. & Mossholder, K.W. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations, 46(6), 681-703.         [ Links ]

Atkinson, P. (2005). Managing resistance to change. Management Services, 49(1), 14-19.         [ Links ]

Avolio, B.J. & Luthans, F. (2006). The high impact leader: Moments matter in accelerating authentic leadership development. New York: McGraw-Hill.         [ Links ]

Barney, J. (1995). Looking inside for competitive advantage. Academy of Management Executive, 9, 49-81.         [ Links ]

Bartlett, C.A. & Ghoshal, S. (1994). Changing the role of top management: Beyond strategy to purpose. Harvard Business Review, 72(6), 79-88.         [ Links ]

Bashford, S. (2004). The survivor syndrome. London: Haymarket Business Publications.         [ Links ]

Beckhard, R. (1994). What is organization development? In W.L. French, C.H. Bell, Jr. & R.A. Zawacki (Eds.). Organization development and transformation: Managing effective change (4th Ed.). Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill, pp. 21-24.         [ Links ]

Bennett, H. & Durkin, M. (2000). The effects of organisational change on employee psychological attachment: An exploratory study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(2), 126-147.         [ Links ]

Berrisford, S. (2005). Using Appreciative Inquiry to drive change at the BBC. Strategic Communication Management, 9(3), 22-25.         [ Links ]

Bovey, W.H. & Hede, A. (2001). Resistance to organizational change: The role of defence mechanisms. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(7), 534-548.         [ Links ]

Burger, D.H. & Crous, F. (2002). An existential/humanistic perspective on strategy. Paper presented at the 8th Annual Psychological Society of South Africa (PsySSA) Conference, Cape Town.         [ Links ]

Burnes, B. (2003). Managing change and changing managers from ABC to XYZ. Journal of Management Development, 22(7), 627-642.         [ Links ]

Burnes, B. (2004). Emergent change and planned change - competitors or allies? The case of XYZ construction. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 24(9), 886-902.         [ Links ]

Campbell, D.T. & Stanley, J.C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.         [ Links ]

Carbery, R. & Garavan, T.N. (2005). Organisational restructuring and downsizing: Issues related to learning, training and employability of survivors. Journal of European Industrial Training, 29(6), 488-508.         [ Links ]

Carnall, C.A. (2003). Managing change in organizations (4th Ed.). Harlow: FT/Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

Cartwright, S. & Cooper, G.L. (1994). The human effects of mergers and acquisitions. In G.L. Cooper & D.M. Rousseau (Eds.). Trends in organizational behaviour, volume 1. New York: Wiley, pp. 47-61.         [ Links ]

Cartwright, S. & Cooper, G.L. (1995). Organizational marriage: "hard" versus "soft" issues? Personnel Review, 24(3), 32-42.         [ Links ]

Cascio, W.F. (1995). Whither industrial and organizational psychology in the changing world of work? American Psychologist, 50(11), 928-939.         [ Links ]

Cascio, W.F. (1998). Applied psychology in human resource management (5th Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall        [ Links ]

Caudron, S. (1997). The search for meaning at work. Training and Development, 51(9), 24-27.         [ Links ]

Chapman, J.A. (2002). A framework for transformational change in organisations. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 23(1), 16-25.         [ Links ]

Chawla, A. & Kelloway, E.K. (2004). Predicting openness and commitment to change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(6), 485-498.         [ Links ]

Chreim, S. (2006). Postscript to change: Survivors' retrospective views of organizational changes. Personnel Review, 35(3), 315-335.         [ Links ]

Cook, J. & Crossman, A. (2004). Satisfaction with performance appraisal systems: A study of role perceptions. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(5), 526-541.         [ Links ]

Counsell, R., Tennant, C. & Neailey, K. (2005). The development of a model to support synchronous change. Measuring Business Excellence, 9(3), 13-20.         [ Links ]

Cummings, T.G. & Worley, C.G. (2001). Organization development and change (7th Ed.). Cincinnati: South-Western College.         [ Links ]

Das, A.K. (1998). Frankl and the realm of meaning. Journal of Humanistic Counseling Education and Development, 36(4), 199-212.         [ Links ]

De Cuyper, N. & De Witte, H. (2005). Job insecurity: Mediator or moderator of the relationship between type of contract and various outcomes? South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31(4), 79-86.         [ Links ]

De Greene, K.B. (1982). The adaptive organization: Anticipation and management of crisis. New York: John Wiley.         [ Links ]

Doherty, N. & Horsted, J. (1995). Helping survivors stay on board. People Management, 1(1), 26-31.         [ Links ]

Drucker, P.F. (2002). They're not employees, they're people. Harvard Business Review, 80(2), 70-77.         [ Links ]

Elving, W.J.L. (2005). The role of communication in organisational change. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 10(2), 129-138.         [ Links ]

Fabry, J.B. (1987). The pursuit of meaning: Viktor Frankl, logotherapy, and life (revised Ed.). Berkeley: Institute of Logotherapy Press.         [ Links ]

Fabry, J.B. (1988). Guideposts to meaning: Discovering what really matters. Berkeley: Institute of Logotherapy Press.         [ Links ]

Fiorito, J., Bozeman, D.P., Young, A. & Meurs, J.A. (2007). Organizational commitment, human resource practices, and organizational characteristics. Journal of Managerial Issues, 19(2), 186-207.         [ Links ]

Folger, R. & Skarlicki, D.P. (1999). Unfairness and resistance to change: Hardship as mistreatment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12 (1), 35-50.         [ Links ]

Frances, M. (1995). Organizational change and personal mythology. Personnel Review, 24(4), 58-68.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1967). Psychotherapy and existentialism: Selected papers on logotherapy. New York: Washington Square Press.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1969). The will to meaning: Foundations and applications of logotherapy. London: Souvenir Press.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1978). The unheard cry for meaning: Psychotherapy and humanism. New York: Washington Square Press.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1984). Man's search for meaning (revised Ed.). New York: Washington Square Press.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1986). The doctor and the soul: From psychotherapy to logotherapy (3rd Ed.). New York: Random House.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1988). The will to meaning: Foundations and applications of logotherapy (2nd Ed.). New York: Meridian.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1990). Facing the transitoriness of human existence. Generations, 14(4), 7-11.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (1992). Meaning in industrial society. The International Forum for Logotherapy, 15, 66-70.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (2000a). Man's search for ultimate meaning. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.         [ Links ]

Frankl, V.E. (2000b). Recollections: An autobiography (translated from German by J. Fabry & J. Fabry). Cambridge, MA: Perseus.         [ Links ]

French, W.L. & Bell, C.H., Jr. (1990). Organization development: Behavioral science interventions for organization improvement (4th Ed). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

French, W.L. & Bell, C.H., Jr. (1999). Organization development: Behavioral science interventions for organization improvement (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

Gardner, H. (2004). Changing minds: The art and science of changing our own and other people's minds. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.         [ Links ]

Ghoshal, S. & Bartlett, C.A. (1996). Rebuilding behavioral context: A blueprint for corporate renewal. Sloan Management Review, 37(2), 23-36.         [ Links ]

Gratton, L. (1998). The new rules of HR strategy. HR Focus, 75(6), 13-14.         [ Links ]

Gratton, L. (2000). Living strategy: Putting people at the heart of corporate business. London: Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

Greenhaus, J.H., Callanan, G.A. & Godshalk, V.M. (2000). Career management (3rd Ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace.         [ Links ]

Greenstein, M. & Breitbart, W. (2000). Cancer and the experience of meaning: A group psychotherapy for people with cancer. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 54(4), 486-500.         [ Links ]

Hacker, M. & Washington, M. (2004). How do we measure the implementation of large-scale change? Measuring Business Excellence, 8(3), 52-59.         [ Links ]

Hammer, M. (1996). Beyond reengineering. London: Harper Collins Business.         [ Links ]

Hammer, M. & Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the corporation: A manifesto for business revolution. London: Nicholas Brealy.         [ Links ]

Havenga, A.A. & Coetzer, P. (1997). Viktor Frankl the man. In F. Crous, A.A. Havenga, P. Coetzer & G. van den Heever (Eds.). On the way to meaning: Essays in remembrance of Viktor Frankl . Benmore: Viktor Frankl Foundation of South Africa, pp. 11-19.         [ Links ]

Heil, G., Bennis, W. & Stephens, D.C. (2000). Douglas McGregor, revisited: Managing the human side of the enterprise. New York: John Wiley.         [ Links ]

Hellgren, J., Näswall, K. & Sverke, M. (2005). There's more to the picture than meets the eye: A comparison of downsizing survivors with changed and unchanged content. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31(4), 87-93.         [ Links ]

Higgs, M. (2003). How can we make sense of leadership in the 21st century? Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(5), 273-284.         [ Links ]

Huysamen, G.K. (1993). Metodologie vir die sosiale en gedragswetenskappe. Johannesburg: International Thompson.         [ Links ]

Jackson, S.E. & Schuler, R.S. (1999). Understanding human resource management in the context of organizations and their environments. In R.S. Schuler & S.E. Jackson (Eds.). Strategic human resource management. Malden: Blackwell, pp. 4-28.         [ Links ]

Johnson, D.M. (2004). Adaptation of organizational change models to the implementation of quality standard requirements. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 21(2), 154-174.         [ Links ]

Karp, T. (2004). Learning the steps of the dance of change: Improving change capabilities by integrating futures studies and positive organisational scholarship. Foresight, 6(6), 349-355.         [ Links ]

Kausch, K.D. & Amer, K. (2007). Self-transcendence and depression among Aids memorial quilt panel makers. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing, 45(6), 45-53.         [ Links ]

Kerlinger, F.N. & Lee, H.B. (2000). Foundations of behavioral research (4th Ed.). Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace.         [ Links ]

Kets de Vries, M.F.R. (2001). The leadership mystique: A user's manual for the human enterprise. London: Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

Kinnear, C. & Roodt, G. (1998). The development of an instrument to measure organisational inertia. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 24(2), 44-54.         [ Links ]

Lawrence, P.R. (1970). How to deal with resistance to change. In G.W. Dalton, P.R. Lawrence & L.E. Greiner (Eds.). Organizational change and development. Homewood, IL: Irwin, pp. 181-197.         [ Links ]

Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science. New York: Harper & Row.         [ Links ]

Ludema, J.D., Cooperrider, D.L. & Barrett, F.J. (2001). Appreciative inquiry: The power of the unconditional positive question. In P. Reason & H. Bradbury (Eds.). Handbook of action research. London: Sage, pp. 189-199.         [ Links ]

Luthans, F. & Avolio, B. (2003). Authentic leadership development. In K.S. Cameron, J.E. Dutton & R.E. Quinn (Eds.). Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline. San Francisco: Berret Koehler, pp. 241 - 258.         [ Links ]

Markow, F. & Klenke, K. (2005). The effects of personal meaning and calling on organizational commitment: An empirical investigation of spiritual leadership. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 13(1), 8-27.         [ Links ]

McGreevy, M. (2003a). Managing the transition. Industrial and Commercial Training, 35(6), 241-246.         [ Links ]

McGreevy, M. (2003b). The changing nature of work. Industrial and Commercial Training, 35(5), 191-195.         [ Links ]

McGregor, D. (1960). The human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill.         [ Links ]

Milliman, J., Ferguson, J., Trickett, D. & Condemi, B. (1999). Spirit and community at Southwest Airlines: An investigation of a spiritual values-based model. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 221-233.         [ Links ]

Mirvis, P.H. (1990). Organization development: Part 2 - a revolutionary perspective. Research in Organizational Change and Development, 4, 1-66.         [ Links ]

Moomal, Z. (1999). The relationship between meaning in life and mental well-being. South African Journal of Psychology, 29(1), 42-48.         [ Links ]

Morin, E.M. (1995). Organizational effectiveness and the meaning of work. In T.C. Pauchant & Associates (Eds.). In search of meaning: Managing for the health of our organizations, our communities, and the natural world. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 29-64.         [ Links ]

Morin, W.J. (1994). HR as director of people strategy. HR Magazine, 39(12), 52-54.         [ Links ]

Mullins, L.J. (1999). Management and organisational behaviour (5th Ed.). London: Pitman.         [ Links ]

Newstrom, J.W. & Davis, K. (1997). Organizational behavior: Human behavior at work (10th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.         [ Links ]

Nguyen-Huy, Q. (2000). Do humanistic values matter? Academy of Management Proceedings. Retrieved June 20, 2002, from the World Wide Web: http://search.epnet.com        [ Links ]

Nijhof, W.J., De Jong, M.J. & Beukhof, G. (1998). Employee commitment in changing organizations: An exploration. Journal of European Industrial Training, 22(6), 243-248.         [ Links ]

O'Reilly, C.A. & Pfeffer, J. (2000). Hidden value: How great companies achieve extraordinary results with ordinary people. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.         [ Links ]

Piderit, S.K. (2000). Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: A multidimensional view of attitudes towards an organizational change. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 783-794.         [ Links ]

Porras, J.I. & Robertson, P.J. (1992). Organizational development: Theory, practice, and research. In M.D. Dunnette & L.M. Hough (Eds.). Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (2nd Ed.). Palo Alto: Consulting Psychologists Press, pp. 719-822.         [ Links ]

Prahalad, C.K. & Hamel, G. (1990). The core competencies of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68, 79-91.         [ Links ]

Pratt, A. & Ashforth, B.E. (2003). Fostering meaningfulness in working and at work. In K.S. Cameron, J.E. Dutton & R.E. Quinn (Eds.). Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline. San Francisco: Barrett Koehler, pp. 309-327.         [ Links ]

Proctor, T. & Doukakis, I. (2003). Change management: The role of internal communication and employee development. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 8(4), 268-277.         [ Links ]

Puente, S., Crous, F. & Venter, A. (2007). The role of a positive trigger event in actioning authentic leadership development. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(1), 11-18.         [ Links ]

Richardson, H.A. & Vandenberg, R.J. (2005). Integrating managerial perceptions and transformational leadership into a work-unit level model of employee involvement. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 561-589.         [ Links ]

Robbins, S.P. (1990). Organization theory: Structure, design and applications (3rd Ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

Robbins, S.P., Odendaal, A. & Roodt, G. (2003). Organisational behaviour: Global and Southern African perspectives. Cape Town: Pearson Education.         [ Links ]

Roodt, G., Kinnear, C. & Erwee, R. (2003). Organisational inertia: Contrasting results in Australia and South Africa. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 29(2), 1-5.         [ Links ]

Roodt, G., Kinnear, C., Erwee, R., Smith, D., Lynch, B. & Millet, B. (2001). Measurement of organisational inertia: Portability of a South African scale in the Australian context. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 27(2), 57-61.         [ Links ]

Rosnow, R.L. & Rosenthal, R. (1996). Beginning behavioral research: A conceptual primer (2nd Ed.). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

Rossouw, G.J. (2002). Business ethics in Africa. Cape Town: Oxford Southern Africa.         [ Links ]

Schein, E.H. (1994). Organizational psychology (3rd Ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.         [ Links ]

Schein, E.H. (1995). Process consultation, action research and clinical enquiry: Are they the same? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 10(6), 14-19.         [ Links ]

Schlechter, A.F. & Engelbrecht, A.S. (2006). The relationship between transformational leadership, meaning and organizational citizenship behaviour. Management Dynamics, 15(4), 2-16.         [ Links ]

Schuler, R.S. & Jackson, S.E. (Eds.) (1999). Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Blackwell Business.         [ Links ]

Schuler, R.S., Jackson, S.E. & Storey, J. (2001). HRM and its link with strategic management. In J. Storey (Ed.). Human resource management: A critical text (2nd Ed.). London: International Thompson Learning, pp. 114-130.         [ Links ]

Seligman, M.E.P., Steen, T.A., Park, N. & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410-421.         [ Links ]

Shantall, T. (1989). Viktor Frankl's existential theory. In W.F. Meyer, C. Moore & H.G. Viljoen (Eds.). Personality theories - from Freud to Frankl. Johannesburg: Lexicon, pp. 421-439.         [ Links ]

Shimmin, S. & Van Strien, P.J. (1998). History of the psychology of work and organization. In J.D. Drenth, H. Thierry & C. de Wolff (Eds.). Handbook of work and organizational psychology volume 1 (2nd Ed.). East Sussex: The Psychology Press, pp. 71-99.         [ Links ]

Smith, I. (2005a). Achieving readiness for organisational change. Library Management, 26(6/7), 408-412.         [ Links ]

Smith, I. (2005b). Continuing professional development and workplace learning 11: Managing the "people" side of organisational change. Library Management, 26(3), 152-155.         [ Links ]

Southwick, S.M., Gilmartin, R., McDonough, P. & Morrissey, P. (2006). Logotherapy as an adjunctive treatment for chronic combat-related PTSD: A meaning-based intervention. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 60(2), 161-174.         [ Links ]

Trader-Leigh, K.E. (2002). Case study: Identifying resistance in managing change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 15(2), 138-155.         [ Links ]

Ugboro, I.O. (2006). Organizational commitment, job redesign, employee empowerment and intent to quit among survivors of restructuring and downsizing. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7(3), 232-257.         [ Links ]

Vakola, M. & Nikolaou, I. (2005). Attitudes towards organizational change: What is the role of employees' stress and commitment? Employee Relations, 27(2), 160-174.         [ Links ]

Vakola, M., Tsaousis, I. & Nikolaou, I. (2004). The role of emotional intelligence and personality variables on attitudes toward organisational change. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(2), 88-110.         [ Links ]

Wanberg, C.R. & Banas, J.T. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 132-142.         [ Links ]

Washburn, E.R. (1998). The physician leader as logotherapist. Physician Executive, 24(4), 34-39.         [ Links ]

Watkins, J.M. & Mohr, B.J. (2001). Appreciative inquiry: Change at the speed of imagination. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.         [ Links ]

Watson, G.W. (2003). Ideology and the symbolic construction of fairness in organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(2), 154-168.         [ Links ]

Weber, P.S. & Weber, J.E. (2001). Changes in employee perceptions during organizational change. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 22(6), 291-300.         [ Links ]

Wong, P.T.P. (1997). Charting the course of research on meaning seeking. Paper presented at the Roundtable on Meaning Research in the World Congress of Logotherapy, Dallas. Retrieved July 10, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://www.twu.ca/cpsy/faculty/wong/wong.htm        [ Links ]

Wong, P.T.P. (1998). Implicit theories of personal life and the development of the Personal Meaning Profile. In P.T.P. Wong & P.S. Fry (Eds.). The human quest for meaning: A handbook of psychological research and clinical applications. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 111-140.         [ Links ]

Worrall, L. & Cooper, C. (2004). Managers, hierarchies and perceptions: A study of UK managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(1), 41-68.         [ Links ]

Wrzesniewski, A. (2003). Finding positive meaning in work. In K.S. Cameron, J.E. Dutton & R.E. Quinn (Eds.). Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline. San Francisco: Barrett Koehler, pp. 296-308.         [ Links ]

Xavier, S. (2005). Are you at the top of your game? Checklist for effective leaders. Journal of Business Strategy, 26(3), 35-42.         [ Links ]

Young, A.P. (2000). "I'm just me": A case study of managerial resistance. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 13(4), 375-388.         [ Links ]

 

 

Correspondence:
Daniel H Burger
E-mail: dburger@resolve.co.za

Creative Commons License Todo o conteúdo deste periódico, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons