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South African Journal of Chemistry

versão On-line ISSN 1996-840X
versão impressa ISSN 0379-4350

S.Afr.j.chem. (Online) vol.70  Durban  2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/0379-4350/2017/v70a19 

RESEARCH ARTICLE

 

Synthesis of Some 5-[2-Aryl-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-trione Derivatives by a one-pot, three-component reaction

 

 

Jabbar KhalafyI, *; Mahnaz EzzatiI; Parinaz MadadiI; Ahmad Poursattar MarjaniI, *; Hooman Yaghoobnejad AslII

IDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
IIDepartment of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA

 

 


ABSTRACT

This study reports the reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones 4a-g, formed by condensation of arylglyoxals 2a-g with 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (3) by L-cysteine (5) in the presence of phosphotungstic acid as a catalyst. This reaction leads to the formation of 5-[2-aryl-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-triones 6a-g, with no sign of any heterocyclic product formation. The structure of compound 6f was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.

Keywords: Arylglyoxals, L-cysteine, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, phosphotungstic acid, one-pot, multi-component reaction.


 

 

1. Introduction

Multi-component reactions have many advantages over classical reactions, such as low cost and energy consumption, easier isolation and purification, greater atom economy as well as using green solvents with excellent chemo- and regio-selectivities.1-6

Barbituric acids play an important role in many drugs with biological and pharmaceutical properties.7-16 They are well-known as anticonvulsants, hypnotics, sedatives, and anxiolytic agents.17-22 Although barbituric acid itself is hypnotically inactive, its derivatives substituted at C-5 are reported as central nervous system depressants.23 The synthesis of 5-[2-aryl-2-oxo-ethyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-trione derivatives by reaction of arylglyoxal hydrates and 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid in the presence of guanidine salts has also been reported under reflux or microwave conditions.24

Reduction of 5-arylidene-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid derivatives with a series of thiols has been reported25 (Scheme 1). In this study, we have investigated whether the amino acid cysteine would lead merely to reduced products, as shown in Scheme 1, or whether conjugate addition of the thiol group might lead to a new series of potential medicinally active compounds.

Herein, we investigate the one-pot, three-component reaction of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, arylglyoxals and L-cysteine in the presence of phosphotungstic acid as a catalyst in H2O/EtOH under reflux conditions.

 

2. Experimental

General Procedures

The chemicals used in this work were purchased from Acros Organics or from Merck and were used without purification. Melting points were measured on a Philip Harris C4954718 apparatus. 1H and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance AQS 300 MHz spectrometer at 300 and 75 MHz, respectively. Chemical shifts were measured in CDCl3 as solvent relative to TMS as the internal standard. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Thermo-Nicolet Nexus 670 FT-IR instrument using KBr discs. Elemental analyses were performed using a Leco Analyzer 932. Mass spectra were recorded on an Agilent Technologies (HP) MS Model: 5975C VL MSD mass spectrometer operating at EI 70 eV.

Sample procedure for the synthesis of 5-(2-aryl-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1ff,3ií,5ií)-trione (6a-g)

A mixture of 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid (3) (1 mmol) and arylglyoxals 2 (1 mmol) in water (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for the period of time indicated in Table 1. After compeletion of intermediate formation (tlc, using MeOH: Hexane:CHCl3 / 1:3:15 as eluents, Rf = 0.57-0.62), L-cysteine (2 mmol), phosphotungstic acid (10 % mol) and ethanol (1.5 mL) were added to the reaction mixture, which was refluxed for 1-2 h, during which time the L-cystine was precipitated. The precipitate was filtered and the filtrate was extracted with chloroform. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and dried over Na2SO4. Removal of solvent gave the desired products as colourless crystals in 69-77 % yields.

1,3-Dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1ff,3ii, 5H)-trione (6a): Rf = 0.57. Colourless crystals; 71 %; m.p. 190 °C [lit.,24190-191 °C]; oh 7.96 (2H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, Ar), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, Ar), 7.49 (2H, t, J = 8.1 Hz,Ar), 4.05 (2H, d, J = 3.3 Hz, CH2), 3.61 (1H, t, J = 3.3 Hz, CH), 3.37 (6H, s, 2xNMe) ppm; óc 196.9, 168.0, 151.7,135.3, 134.0,129.8, 128.8,44.5, 37.8, 28.8 ppm; FT-IR vmax: 3427, 2892, 1667, 1463, 139, 1306, 1218, 1113, 1031, 764, 691 cm-1. m/z: 274 [M]+ (24), 169 (5), 105 [C6H5CO]+ (100), 77 (48), 55 (9), 51 (8).

5-(2-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2, 4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (6b): Rf = 0.59. Colourless crystals; 75 %; m.p. 166 °C; (¾: 7.88 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, Ar), 7.45 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, Ar), 3.98 (2H, d, J = 3.9 Hz, CH2), 3.61 (1H, t, J = 3.9 Hz, CH), 3.35 (6H, s, 2xNMe) ppm; δc 195.8, 167.8, 151.6, 140.5, 133.6, 129.7, 129.1,44.5,37.6,28.8 ppm; FT-IR vmax: 3424,2883,1667,1589,1463, 1377,1219,1097,1034, 819, 755 cm1; Found: C, 54.52; H, 4.11; N, 9.16 %. Calc. for C14H13CIN2O4 (308.72); C, 54.47; H, 4.24; N, 9.07 %. m/z: 310 [M+2] + (20), 308 [M] + (54), 169 (22), 141 [4-37ClC6H4CO]+ (100), 140 (42), 139 [4-35ClC6H4CO]+ (100), 113 (35), 111 (87), 75 (31), 55 (22).

5-(2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4, 6(1fí,3fí,5fí)-trione (6c): Rf = 0.62. Colourless crystals; 69 %; m.p. 162 °C [lit.,24162-163 °C]; (5h 7.98 (2H, t, J = 8.4 Hz, Ar), 7.16 (2H, t, J = 8.4 Hz, Ar), 4.02 (2H, d, J = 3.6 Hz, CH2), 3.60 (1H, t, J = 3.6 Hz, CH), 3.37 (6H, s, 2xNMe) ppm; de: 195.3, 167.9, 164.5, 151.7,131.8,131.8,131.1,131.0,116.1,115.8,44.5, 37.7, 28.8 ppm. FT-IR Umax: 3389, 3335, 3062, 2930, 2885, 1665, 1606, 1464, 1379, 1312, 1229, 1151, 1111, 1033, 833, 751, 562 cm-1.

1,3-Dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-2-(p-tolyl)ethyl)pyrimidine-2,4,6(1fi, 3fí,5fí)-trione (6d): Rf = 0.58. Colourless crystals; 76 %; m.p. 174 °C; (5h: 7.84 (2H, d, J = 7.8 Hz, Ar), 7.27 (2H, d, J = 6.6 Hz, Ar), 4.02 (2H, d, J = 3.3 Hz, CH2), 3.57 (1H, t, J = 3.3 Hz, CH), 3.36 (6H, s, 2xNMe), 2.42 (3H, s, CH3) ppm; de: 195.5, 168.0, 151.7, 144.9, 130.4,129.5,128.4,43.7,36.1,29.7,27.9,26.5ppm; FT-IR iw 3429, 2945, 2876, 1669, 1464, 1383, 1233, 1109, 1037, 815, 757, 573, 500 cm-1; Found: C, 62.33; H, 5.68; N, 9.60 %. Calc. for C15H16N2O4 (288.30); C, 62.49; H, 5.59; N, 9.72 %. m/z: 288 (M+, 88), 169 (13), 120 (99), 119 [4-MeC6HtCO]+ (100), 92 (22), 91 (98), 90 (22), 89 (26), 65 (76), 66 (15), 58 (15), 56 (21), 55 (42).

5-(2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1fi,3fi,5fi)-trione (6e): Rf = 0.58. Colourless crystals; 69 %; m.p. 197 °C; (5h: 7.93 (2H, d, J = 9 Hz, Ar), 6.95 (2H, d, J = 9 Hz, Ar), 4.01 (2H, d, J = 3.9 Hz, CH2), 3.89 (3H, s, CH3), 3.56 (1H, t, J = 3.3 Hz, CH), 3.37 (6H, s, 2xNMe) ppm; δc195.2,168.1,164.1,151.7, 130.6,128.4,113.9,55.5,44.5,37.6,29.7,28.7 ppm; FT-IR iw 3391, 3319,2942,2891,1664,1604,1375,1250,1167,1111,1027,827,749, 563 cm-1; Found: C, 59.10; H, 5.42; N, 9.17 %. Calc. for C15H16N2O5 (304.30); C, 59.21; H, 5.30; N, 9.21 %. m/z: 304 [M]+ (20), 136 (16), 135 [4-MeOC6H4CO]+ (100), 107 (10), 92 (18), 77 (24), 55 (11).

5-(2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethylpyrimi-dine-2,4,6(1fí,3fí,5ií)-trione (6f): Rf = 0.60. Colourless crystals; 77 %; m.p. 181 °C; (5h: 7.62 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz, Ar), 7.43 (1H, s, Ar), 6.90 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz, Ar), 4.01 (2H, d, J = 3.6 Hz, CH2), 3.95 (3H, s, OMe), 3.90 (3H, s, OMe), 3.56 (1H, t, J = 3.6 Hz, CH), 3.36 (6H, s, 2xNMe) ppm; δc: 195.5, 168.2, 154.1, 151.7, 149.1, 128.5, 124.5, 111.1, 58.8, 56.8, 55.2, 43.8, 37.5, 29.7, 27.8 ppm; FT-IR vmax 2949, 2862,1673,1587,1442,1378,1264,1153,1020, 753 cm-1; Found: C, 57.56; H, 5.30; N, 8.25 %. Calc. for C16H18N2O6 (334.43); C, 57.48; H, 5.43; N, 8.38 %. m/z: 335 [M+1]+ (16), 334 [M]+ (74), 166 (34), 165 [3,4-(MeO)2C6H3CO]+ (100), 137 (21), 122 (12), 107 (11), 79 (19), 77 (18), 55 (18).

5-(2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-1,3-dimethyl-pyrimidine-2,4,6(1fí,3fí,5fH-trione (6g): Rf = 0.61. Colourless crystals; 72 %; m.p. 199 °C; 5h: 7.60-7.57 (1H, m, Ar), 7.44 (1H, d, J = 0.3 Hz, Ar), 6.97 (1H, d, J = 8.1 Hz, Ar), 6.15 (1H, s, Ar), 4.02 (2H, d, J = 3.6 Hz, CH2), 3.92 (3H, s, CH3), 3.56 (1H, t, J = 3.6 Hz, CH), 3.37 (6H, s, 2xNMe) ppm; δc: 195.4, 168.1, 151.2, 146.7, 124.0, 114.0,109.8,56.0,44.6,37.5,28.8 ppm; FT-IR vmax: 3401,2947,2889, 1672,1593,1507,1441,1389,1277,1170,1114,1029, 866, 756 cm-1; Found: C, 56.19; H, 5.26; N, 8.67 %. Calc. for C15H16N2O6 (320.30); C, 56.25; H, 5.04; N, 8.75 %. m/z: 320 [M]+ (70), 152 (34), 151 [3-MeO-4-HOC6H3CO]+ (100), 123 (35), 108 (18), 77 (9), 55 (23).

 

3. Results and Discussion

The arylglyoxals 2a-g were prepared from the corresponding acetophenones 1a-g by oxidation with SeO2 as outlined in Scheme 2.26-37

The arylglyoxals 2a-g were reacted with 1,3-dimethylbarbi-turic acid (3)in H2O at room temperature to give the corresponding intermediate α,β-unsaturated triones 4a-g, which were then treated with L-cysteine in presence of phospho-tungstic acid under reflux in H2O/EtOH to form 5-[2-aryl-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-trione derivatives 6a-g as shown in Scheme 3.

The reaction of the intermediate 4a with L-cysteine (5)inthe absence of catalyst gave the corresponding product in only 30 % yield after refluxing for 9 h. As expected, in the absence of L-cysteine, no reaction occurred. Seven examples of the conversion of arylglyoxals 2a-g into the corresponding 5-[2-aryl-2-oxo-ethyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-triones 6a-g at the optimum reaction conditions are listed in Table 1.

The structures of compounds 6a-g were elucidated by microanalysis, and their spectral data (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR). The X-ray crystallographyic analysis of compound 6f, and the mass spectra of compounds 6a, 6b and 6d-g are also reported.

The *H NMR spectra of all compounds 6a-g showed a characteristic doublet at around d 3.98-4.07 ppm, ascribed to the methylene groups, a triplet at around d 3.56-3.61 ppm due to the CH group and a singlet at around d 3.35-3.37 ppm due to the methyl groups of the 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid moiety. In 13C NMR spectra, signals around 195 ppm were ascribed to the ketone carbonyl, and the two singlets around 168 and 153 ppm to the amide carbonyl groups. In the FT-IR spectra, the characteristic absorption bonds at 1664-1673 cm-1 could be assigned to the vibrations of the above-mentioned carbonyl groups. The mass spectra of all compounds showed aroyl cations as main fragments with 100 % abundance.

The proposed mechanism for reduction of 5-arylidene-1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid 4a-g by L-cysteine (5) in presence of phosphotungstic acid is shown in Scheme 4. The proton absorption by a,b-unsaturated triketones 4a-g forms the carbocations 7a-g with electron-deficient carbon near to aroyl group, which was changed to carbanions 8a-g by transfer of two electrons from cysteine and finally formed the desired trione 6a-g by absorption of the second proton. It seems that electron-donating substituents on arylglyoxals stabilizes the carbocations 7a-g formed in the first step, as the reaction with 4-nitro substituent failed to form the corresponding reduced triketone, due to destabilization of carbocations formation in the first step by electron-withdrawing effect of nitro substituent.

The metal ions in phosphotungstic acid catalyzes the oxidation of L-cysteine to L-cystine.

 

4. Conclusions

We have synthesized some barbituric acid derivatives via the one-pot, three-component reaction of arylglyoxals, 1,3-dimethyl-barbituric acid and L-cysteine in H2O/EtOH. The resulting 5-[2-aryl-2-oxoethyl]-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-triones synthesized would appear to be suitable synthetic intermediates for a series of new planar polycyclic heterocycles such as pyrimido [4,5-c]pyrazines38 and pyrazolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines,39 with possible pharmaceutical applications.

 

Supplementary Data

Other supplementary data fH-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and mass spectra) associated with this article are available in the online supplement.

 

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Urmia University for financial support and also thank Professor R.H. Prager (Flinders University, Australia) for proofreading of this article.

 

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Received 29 March 2017
Revised 17 July 2017
Accepted 17 July 2017

 

 

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jkhalafi@yahoo.com / j.khalafi@urmia.ac.ir / a.poursattar@urmia.ac.ir

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