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South African Journal of Chemistry

versión On-line ISSN 1996-840X
versión impresa ISSN 0379-4350

S.Afr.j.chem. (Online) vol.62  Durban  2009

 

RESEARCH ARTICLE

 

The effect of synthesis parameters on the catalytic synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes using Fe-Co/CaCO3 catalysts

 

 

Sabelo D. MhlangaI, II; Kartick C. MondalI, II; Robin CarterI, II; Michael J. WitcombII, III; Neil J. CovilleI, II

IMolecular Sciences Institute and School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa
IIDST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa
IIIMicroscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, WITS 2050, South Africa

 

 


ABSTRACT

Fe-Co bimetallic catalysts supported on CaCO3 were prepared by a wet impregnation, a deposition-precipitation and a reverse micelle method. The sizes of the Fe and Co particles were not affected by the Fe and Co sources (nitrate, acetate) when the wet impregnation and deposition-precipitation methods were used. 'Clean' multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were obtained from all three Fe-Co synthesis procedures under optimal reaction conditions. The CNTs produced gave yields ranging from 623 % to 1215 % in 1 h under the optimal conditions, with similar outer diameters (o.d.) of 20-30 nm and inner diameters (i.d.) ~10 nm. The Fe/Co catalyst formed in the wet impregnation method revealed that the yield, diameter and purity of the CNTs were influenced by the C2H2/N2 ratio, time and temperature. All the methods gave high-quality CNTs after short reaction times but the quality deteriorated as the synthesis time was increased from 5 to 360 min. Indeed, the most influential parameter in controlling CNT purity, length and o.d. was found to be the synthesis time. The as-synthesized CNTs were purified using a single-step mild acid treatment process (30 % HNO3), which readily removed the support and metal particles.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, synthesis, bimetallic catalyst, iron, cobalt


 

 

Full text available only in PDF format.

 

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Research Foundation, Mellon Postgraduate Mentoring Scheme, the CSIR and the University of the Witwatersrand. We also thank Mr Rudolf Erasmus for his assistance with Raman spectral collection and analysis.

 

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Received 17 December 2007
Revised 22 December 2008
Accepted 7 February 2009

 

 

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: neil.coville@wits.ac.za.

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