MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

Torque removal force for osseointegrated implants - two experimental studies

J. F. Lownie^I; P. A. Betts, M.Dent^II; R. S. Bryant, M.Dent^III; P. Cleaton-Jones^IV

^IPH.D., F.C.M.F.O.S. (S.A.). Divisions of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, and Experimental Odontology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
^II(M.F.O.S.), F.C.M.F.O.S. (S.A.). Divisions of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, and Experimental Odontology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
^III(M.F.O.S.), F.C.M.O.F.S. (S.A.). Divisions of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, and Experimental Odontology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
^IVD.SC. (DENT), F.C.D. (S.A.). Divisions of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, and Experimental Odontology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a rabbit-based model for testing the torque removal force (TRF) of implants and to compare the TRF of a series of titanium implants.
METHODS: Two experiments were performed at the University of the Witwatersrand. In the first, a Swedish- (SSM-N) or a South African-manufactured (SSM-S) implant was implanted into the tibiae of 12 rabbits and the TRF measured at 1, 3 and 6 months. In the second experiment, the TRF of 4 South African-manufactured titanium implants in the tibia or femur of 32 rabbits were compared at 3 and 6 weeks. The implants were: 1 threaded machined (SSM-S), and 3 surface-enhanced - 1 threaded (SLA), 1 threaded tapered (MTT) and 1 pitted (RI).
RESULTS: In experiment 1, TRF increased significantly with time (p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between TRF for the South African and Swedish machined-surface implant types. In experiment 2, the TRF of the MTT implant was significantly greater (p<0.0001) than the other 3 types, which did not differ significantly from each other. Time had no significant effect.
CONCLUSION: In an internationally used rabbit-based model, South African and Swedish machined-surface titanium implants were equivalent; surface-enhanced implants produced higher TRF, and a tapered implant showed the highest TRF.

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