SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online

 
vol.75 issue3 author indexsubject indexarticles search
Home Pagealphabetic serial listing  

Services on Demand

Article

Indicators

Related links

  • On index processCited by Google
  • On index processSimilars in Google

Share


Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research

On-line version ISSN 2219-0635
Print version ISSN 0030-2465

Onderstepoort j. vet. res. vol.75 n.3 Pretoria  2008

 

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

 

Relative economic benefits of tactical anthelmintic treatment and urea-molasses block supplementation of Boer goats raised under extensive grazing conditions at Onderstepoort, Pretoria, South Africa

 

 

A.F. VattaI, II; R.C. KrecekIII; R.A. PearsonIV; M.F. SmithV; M.O. StensonI; E.F. Van WijkI; L.J.S. HarrisonIV

IOnderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Private Bag X05, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
IIUniversity of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 South Africa
IIIKrecek and Krecek, P.O. Box 12832, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa. Present addresses: Ross University School of Veterinary Medi cine, St Kitts, West Indies and University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
IVUniversity of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Science (incorporating Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine), Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, EH25 9RG United Kingdom
VAgricultural Research Council, Biometry Unit, Private Bag X519, Silverton, 0127 South Africa

 

 


ABSTRACT

The potential economic benefits of combining tactical anthelmintic treatment for gastrointestinal nematodes and nutritional supplementation with urea-molasses blocks were examined in Boer goats raised under extensive grazing conditions in the summer rainfall area of South Africa. Eight groups of nine goats were monitored over a 12-month period from 1 October 2002 to 9 October 2003. Ad libitum nutritional supplementation with urea-molasses blocks was provided when the goats were housed at night, during the summer (wet season-December 2002 to February 2003), and/or the winter (dry season-June 2003 to August 2003). All the goats were treated symptomatically for Haemonchus contortus infection when deemed necessary by clinical examination of the conjunctiva for anaemia using the FAMACHA© system. Half the groups were tactically treated for gastrointestinal nematodes in mid-summer (28 January 2003). Under the symptomatic treatment, climatic and extensive grazing conditions encountered during the trial, feed supplementation in the winter dry season had the greatest economic benefit and is therefore recommended. Tactical anthelmintic treatment afforded no additional advantage, but the nematode challenge was low.

Keywords: Boer goats, extensive grazing, Haemonchus contortus, symptomatic drenching, tactical drenching, urea-molasses blocks


 

 

“Full text available only in PDF format”

 

 

REFERENCES

ACOCKS, J.P.H. 1988. Veld types of South Africa, 3rd ed. Botanical Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, South Africa (Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 57).         [ Links ]

AGANGA, A.A. & WANI, M. 1998. Dichrostachys cinerea and Acacia nilotica as supplements to buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides) hay fed to Tswana goats. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa, 46:167-170.         [ Links ]

BARGER, I.A., LE JAMBRE, L.F., GEORGI, J.R. & DAVIES, H. I. 1985. Regulation of Haemonchus contortus populations in sheep exposed to continuous infection. International Journal for Parasitology, 15:529-533.         [ Links ]

BOOMKER, J., HORAK, I.G. & RAMSAY, K.A. 1994. Helminth and arthropod parasites of indigenous goats in the northern Transvaal. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 61:13-20.         [ Links ]

COOP, R.L. & KYRIAZAKIS, I. 1999. Nutrition-parasite interaction. Veterinary Parasitology, 84:187-204.         [ Links ]

FELDMAN, B.V., ZINKL, J.G. & JAIN, N.C. 2000. Schalm's veterinary haematology, 5th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.         [ Links ]

GOERING, H.K. & VAN SOEST, P.J. 1970. Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). USDA-ARS Agricultural Handbook No. 379. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office.         [ Links ]

HANSEN, J. & PERRY, B. 1994. The epidemiology, diagnosis and control of helminth parasites of ruminants. A handbook. Nairobi: International Laboratory for Research on Animal Diseases (now International Livestock Research Institute).         [ Links ]

HARRIS, L.E. 1970. Nutrition research techniques for domestic and wild animals. Vol 1. Logan: Utah State University.         [ Links ]

HORAK, I.G. 1978. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. V. Helminths in sheep on dryland pasture on the Transvaal Highveld. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 45:1-6.         [ Links ]

HORAK, I.G. 1981. Host specificity and the distribution of the helminth parasites of sheep, cattle, impala and blesbok according to climate. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 52:201-206.         [ Links ]

HORAK, I.G. & LOUW, J.P. 1977. Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. IV. Helminths in sheep on irrigated pasture on the Transvaal Highveld. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 44:261-270.         [ Links ]

MAGAYA, A., MUKARATIRWA, S., WILLINGHAM, A.L., KYVSGAARD, N. & THAMSBORG, S. 2000. Effects of anthelmintic treatment and feed supplementation on grazing Tuli weaner steers naturally infected with gastrointestinal nema-todes. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 71:31-37.         [ Links ]

PERRY, B.D., RANDOLPH, T.F., MCDERMOTT, J.J., SONES, K.R. & THORNTON, P.K. 2002. Investing in animal health research to alleviate poverty. Nairobi: International Livestock Research Institute.         [ Links ]

REINECKE, R.K. 1983. Veterinary helminthology. Durban: Butterworths.         [ Links ]

ROBERTSON, J.B. & VAN SOEST, P.J. 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods, in The analysis of dietary fiber in food, edited by W.P.T. James & O. Theander. New York: Marcel Dekker.         [ Links ]

SIKOSANA, J.L.N., SMITH, T., MLAMBO, V., OWEN, E., MUELLER-HARVEY, I., MOULD, F. & MAPHOSA, V. 2004. Supplementation of on-farm goats using feed resources available in south-west Zimbabwe, in The contribution of small ruminants in alleviating poverty: communicating messages from research. Proceedings of the third DFID Livestock Production Programme link project (R7798) workshop for small ruminant keepers. Izaak Walton Inn, Embu, Kenya, 4-7 February 2003, edited by T. Smith, S.H. Godfrey, P.J. Buttery & E. Owen. Aylesford: Natural Resources International Ltd: 139-143.         [ Links ]

SMITH, D.G. 1999. The impact of grazing time allowance on the dry matter intake and foraging behaviour of cattle and donkeys managed under traditional African grazing systems. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.         [ Links ]

SMITH, M.C. & SHERMAN, D.M. 1994. Goat medicine. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.         [ Links ]

SOULSBY, E.J.L. 1968. Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals, 6th ed. of Mdnnig's veterinary helminthology and entomology. London: Baillière, Tindall and Cassell.         [ Links ]

VAN SCHALKWYK, P.C., SCHRÖDER, J., MALAN, F.S. & VAN WYK, J.A. 1995. Worm Workshop Recommendations on Worm Control, 1st rev. Pretoria: Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute.         [ Links ]

VAN WYK, J.A., CABARET, J. & MICHAEL, L.M. 2004. Morphological identification of nematode larvae of small ruminants and cattle simplified. Veterinary Parasitology, 119:277-306.         [ Links ]

VAN WYK, J.A., SCHRÖDER, J., VAN SCHALKWYK, P.C. & HORAK, I.G. 1987. Tegnieke: Helmintologie, in Proceedings of the Worm Resistance Workshop, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 24-25 August 1987, edited by J. Schröder. Pretoria: Veterinary Research Institute Onderstepoort and South African Veterinary Association: 119-140.         [ Links ]

VATTA, A.F. 2001. Incidence, clinical appraisal and treatment of haemonchosis in small ruminants of resource-poor areas in South Africa. M.Sc. dissertation, University of Pretoria.         [ Links ]

VATTA, A.F., LETTY, B.A., VAN DER LINDE, M.J., VAN WIJK, E.F., HANSEN, J.W. & KRECEK, R.C. 2001. Testing for clinical anaemia caused by Haemonchus spp. in goats farmed under resource-poor conditions in South Africa using an eye colour chart developed for sheep. Veterinary Parasitology, 99:1-14.         [ Links ]

VISSER, EVELYN L., VAN WYK, J.A. & ALVES, REGINA M.R. 1987. Die identifikasie van die belangrikste nematode, in Proceedings of the Worm Resistance Workshop, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 24-25 August 1987, edited by J. Schröder. Pretoria: Veterinary Research Institute Onderstepoort and South African Veterinary Association: 141-152.         [ Links ]

WOOD, I.B., AMARAL, N.K., BAIRDEN, K., DUNCAN, J.L., KASSAI, T., MALONE, J.B., Jr, PANKAVICH, J.A., REINECKE, R.K., SLOCOMBE, O., TAYLOR, S.M. & VERCRUYSSE, J. 1995. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) second edition of guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics in ruminants (bovine, ovine, caprine). Veterinary Parasitology, 58:181-213.         [ Links ]

 

 

Accepted for publication 28 May 2008-Editor

 

 

* Author to whom correspondence is to be directed. E-mail: VattaA@arc.agric.za

Creative Commons License All the contents of this journal, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License