NOMENCLATURAL NOTE

 

New combinations in Drimia Jacq. ex Wild. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) and an updated key to the southern African species

 

 

John C. Manning^{I, II}

^ICompton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa
^IIResearch Centre for Plant Growth and Development, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Correspondence

 

 

---

ABSTRACT

Five species recently described in the genus Geschollia Speta (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) are transferred to Drimia Jacq. ex Willd. as D. brachyandra (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, D. globuligera (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, D. longipedicellata (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt and D. prolifera (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, with the new name D. zebrinella J.C.Manning & Goldblatt provided for G. zebrina Mart.-Azorín et al. since that epithet is pre-occupied in Drimia. Austronea patersoniae Schönl. ex Mart.-Azorín et al. is treated as a synonym of D. chalumnensis A.PDold & E.Brink. The two names Urginea amboensis Baker and Albuca reflexa K.Krause & Dinter are formally placed in synonymy under Drimia zambesiaca (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt to accord with the current taxonomy. The recently described monotypic genus Triandra Mart.-Azorín et al. is also included in Drimia and the necessary transfer of T. pellabergensis Mart.-Azorín et al. to Drimia is effected, along with the second known locality for the species, representing a significant range extension. A total of 80 species of Drimia are now recognised in southern Africa. Updated identification keys to the species in sections Capitatae, Ledebouriopsis, Macrocentrae, Physodia and Thuranthos are provided.

---

 

 

Introduction

The most recent taxonomic review of the species of Drimia Jacq. ex Willd. in southern African recognised 70 species distributed among 19 sections (Manning & Goldblatt 2018). This work serves a valuable role in summarising the taxonomic knowledge in the genus to that date but is, as the authors themselves make clear, far from complete. At the time that the review by Manning & Goldblatt (2018) appeared, several species were still incompletely known, and others were anticipated to exist. Several of these additional species have since been described or treated in the segregate genera Austronea Mart.-Azorín et al. (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2018a, 2019a), losanthus Mart.-Azorín et al. (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2019b), Vera-duthiea Speta (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2018b), Zingela N.R.Crouch et al. (Crouch et al. 2018), and more recently Geschollia (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2019c). A simplified phylogeny of Urgineoideae was presented in Martínez-Azorin et al. (2019b), but publication of the full analysis is still pending. Until then it is not feasible to meaningfully assess the available options for circumscribing genera in the subfamily. All of these genera were included in a broadly circumscribed Drimia by Manning & Goldblatt (2018) and Manning (2019), where a full discussion of the issues surrounding these two classifications is provided.

Since then, a further monotypic genus Triandra Mart.-Azorín et al. has been described for a nocturnal species from northern Namaqualand in Northern Cape that is unique in the family in lacking the outer staminal whorl (Martínez-Azorín

et al. 2021). Aside from the striking loss of the outer stamens, Triandra pellaberbgensis Mart.-Azorín et al. is morphologically similar to Drimia hesperantha J.C.Maning & Goldblatt (= U. revoluta A.V.Duthie) (sect. Thuranthos) from the southwestern winter-rainfall region of Western Cape, although unpublished molecular analyses suggest that the two species may not be immediately related (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2021). Available molecular data (Buerki et al. 2012; Ali et al. 2013) certainly indicate that sect. Thuranthos was not monophyletic as circumscribed by Manning and Goldblatt (2018), confirming the suspicions of the authors themselves, who clearly recognised that it reflected a pollination syndrome, defined by a lax raceme of nodding flowers with nocturnal anthesis and narrow, reflexed tepals, filaments that are much longer than the anthers, and a ± clavate style. As suggested by them, larger species with caducous bracts and thickened fruiting pedicels such as D. macrantha (Baker) Baker, D. pauciflora Baker (= D. basutica (E.P.Phillips) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt) and D. zambesiaca Baker (as D. indica (Roxb.) Jessop), likely comprise a clade not immediately related to other species that were included in sect. Thuranthos. The southeast Asian species that were included in sect. Thuranthos have since been segregated as sect. Indurgia (Speta) J.C.Manning & Lekhak (Yadav et al. 2019). More fully sampled and resolved phylogenies will guide the further fragmentation of sect. Thuranthos, but until then it serves a purpose in providing a morphological framework for taxonomic study in the group.

Most of the relevant species described by Martínez-Azorín and co-workers since the review of the genus by Manning and Goldblatt (2018) were subsequently transferred to Drimia by Manning (2019) (who also synonymised a few), but one additional species of Austro-nea and five species recently described in Geschollia have still to be dealt with, as has Triandra pellabergensis. In addition, the two names Urginea amboensis Baker and Albuca reflexa K.Krause & Dinter, formerly treated as synonyms of Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop, need to be placed in synonymy under Drimia zambesiaca (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, which is the earliest available name for this sub-Saharan taxon as circumscribed by Manning and Goldblatt (2018). These nomenclatural changes are necessary to integrate the newly described taxa into the classification of Drimia that was proposed by Manning and Goldblatt (2018) and which has been adopted by various institutes and checklists. A total of 80 species of Drimia are now recognised from southern Africa.

Finally, a few nomenclatural changes were also made by Martínez-Azorín et al. (2019d) and Manning (2019) to the taxa that were recognised by Manning and Goldblatt (2018). In view of both the increase in the number of species and the changes to the nomenclature of others, it seems useful to provide updated sectional keys to the species that have been affected, to facilitate both their identification and the correlation of the taxa with those enumerated by Manning and Goldblatt (2018). Updated keys to the southern African species of sects. Capitatae, Ledebouriopsis, Macrocentrae, Physodia and Thuranthos are accordingly provided. The system of numbering of species used in Manning and Goldblatt (2018) is retained, with new species inserted into that system with decimal points.

 

Taxonomie treatment

Drimia Jacq. ex Willd., Species Plantarum 2: 165 (1799). Type species: Drimia elata Jacq. ex Willd.

1. Seet. Capitatae J.C.Manning & Goldblatt in Strelitzia 40: 76 (2018). Type: Drimia marginata (Thunb.) Jessop

Austronea Mart.-Azorín et al. in Pytotaxa 365: 105 (2018a). Type: Austronea marginata (Thunb.) Mart.-Azorín et al. = Drimia marginata (Thunb.) Jessop

Drimia chalumnensis A.P.Dold & E.Brink in South African Journal of Botany 70: 631 (2004). Type: South Africa, Eastern Cape, Peddie (3327): Cornfields farm, near Chalumna River, (-BA), 25 Oct. 2002, Dold 4619 (GRA, holo.).

Austronea patersoniae Schönl. ex Mart.-Azorín, A.P.Dold & M.B.Crespo in Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 427: 94 (2019c), syn. nov. Type: South Africa, Grahamstown (3326): Alicedale, (-AC), 1 Jul. 1919, Cruden 300 (GRA, holo.; PRE, iso.).

Note: Drimia chalumnensis is an Eastern Cape endemic described from two populations near Chalumna east of Grahamstown and diagnosed in sect. Capitatae by the loose bulb scales and several subterete or linear-channelled leaves with papillate margins. Two additional populations, from Alice-dale west of Grahamstown and from Port Elizabeth respectively, were provisionally included in D. chalumnensis by Manning and Goldblatt (2018) on the basis that they differed from that taxon essentially only in their taller inflorescences (60-110 mm vs 15-50 mm) and slightly longer pedicels (4-6 mm vs 2-6 mm). Plants matching these populations have now been recorded from further locations along the Eastern Cape coast between Jeffrey's Bay and Alicedale, and have been segregated from D. chalumnensis under the name Austronea patersoniae (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2019c). The cited differences between the two taxa remain essentially the mostly slightly longer, erect foliage (exposed portion 30-45 vs 15-30 mm long) and the longer peduncle (80-150 vs 10-20 mm), all of which are consistent with a more mesic habitat. Purported minor differences in the length of the lower bract spur and tepals are not consistent. In addition, Martínez-Azorín et al. (2019c) record a second locality for smaller plants consistent with D. chalumnensis from Aberdeen far to the northwest of the original material. As there do not appear to be any additional substantive differences between the Jeffrey's Bay-Alicedale plants and those from Aberdeen and Peddie it seems reasonable to regard them as representing a single species as suggested by Manning and Goldblatt (2018). Following this interpretation, Drimia chalumnensis is now known to occur more widely along the Eastern Cape coast from Jeffery's Bay to Peddie and inland near Aberdeen.

2. Sect. Ledebouriopsis (Baker)

J.C.Manning & Goldblatt in Strelitzia 40: 24 (2018). Ornithogalum subg. Ledebouriopsis Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 284 (1873). Type: Drimia anomala (Baker) Baker, lecto., designated by Manning & Goldblatt (2018: 24).

Geschollia Speta in Stapfia 75: 169 (2001); Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 427: 88 (2019c). Type: Geschollia anomala (Baker) Speta = Drimia anomala (Baker) Baker

Drimia brachyandra (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, comb. nov. Geschollia brachyandra Mart.-Azorín, A.P.Dold & M.B.Crespo in Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 427: 94 (2019c). Type: South Africa, Eastern Cape, Grahamstown (3326): 19 km from Grahamstown on Cradock road, (-AD), 27 Nov. 1993, Dold 438 (GRA, holo.).

Note: This species is distinguished from D. calcarata (Baker) Stedje by the more heavily barred cataphylls and the slightly smaller, reddish flowers. These differences are very slight and its status may need to be revised.

Drimia globuligera (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, comb. nov. Geschollia globuligera Mart.-Azorín, A.P.Dold & M.B.Crespo in Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 427: 101 (2019c). Type: South Africa, Eastern Cape, Port Elizabeth (3325): Thornhill, Van Stadens Wildflower Reserve, (-CC), 20 Jan. 2018, Dold 16021 (GRA, holo.; ABH, iso.).

Drimia longipedicellata (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, comb. nov. Geschollia longipedicellata Mart.-Azorín, Wetschnig, M.Pinter & M.B.Crespo in Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 427: 103 (2019c). Type: South Africa, Eastern Cape, Willowmore (3323): Willowmore, ± 1 km E of town, (-BC), 4 May 2015 (fl. ex hort in Austria), Wetschnig & Huber 494 (GRA, holo.; ABH, iso.).

Drimia prolifera (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, comb. nov. Geschollia prolifera Mart.-Azorín, A.P.Dold & M.B.Crespo in Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 427: 107 (2019c). Type: South Africa, Eastern Cape, Fort Beaufort (3226): Fort Fordyce Reserve, (-DA), 25 Nov. 2017, Dold 16026 (GRA, holo.).

Drimia zebrinella J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, nom. nov. pro Geschollia zebrina Mart.-Azorín, A.P.Dold & M.B.Crespo in Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 427: 109 (2019c), non D. zebrina (Oberm. ex Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt in Manning in Bothalia 49: 5 (2019). Type: South Africa, Western Cape, Oudshoorn (3322): Grootkop Nature Reserve, (-CA), 4 May 2015, Martínez-Azorín et al. 893 (GRA, holo.; ABH, iso.).

3. Sect. Thuranthos (C.H.Wright) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt in Strelitzia 40: 62 (2018). Thuranthos C.H.Wright in Kew Bull. 1916: 233 (1916). Type: Thuranthos macrantha (Baker) C.H.Wright = Drimia macrantha (Baker) Baker

Triandra Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Á.Al-onso, N.R.Crouch & M.Pinter in Phytotaxa 487: 66 (2021), syn. nov. Type: Triandra pellabergen-sis Mart.-Azorín et al. = Drimia pellabergensis (Mart.-Azorín et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt

Drimia pellabergensis (Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Á.Alonso, N.R.Crouch & M.Pinter) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, comb. nov. Triandra pellabergensis Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Á.Alonso, N.R.Crouch & M.Pinter in Phytotaxa 487: 68 (2021). Type: South Africa, Northern Cape, Pofadder (2919): Pella se Berge, 29 Jun. 2018 [fl. ex hort. Spain], Martínez-Azorín et al. 671b (GRA, holo.; ABH, K, PRE, iso.).

Note: This extraordinary species was known only from the type locality Pella se Berge in Bushmanland in Northern Cape. A collection of an unidentified Drimia that was collected in leaf on the Koe-doesberge near Touwsrivier in Western Cape has subsequently flowered in cultivation at Kirstenbosch National Botanical Gardens and clearly represents the same species, viz. 2 or 3 filiform leaves that are dry at flowering; diminutive inflorescence 3090 mm tall with obscurely flecked, minutely striate-puberulous scape; nodding pedicels 4-6 mm long at flowering [the dimensions of 12-15 mm long at anthesis given in the protologue are clearly a mistake and refer to the elongated fruiting pedicels as is evident from Fig. 2 in the protologue]; pendulous buff-coloured flowers with nocturnal anthesis and linear, revolute tepals ± 5 mm long, connate at the base; only the three inner stamens developed, with filiform filaments ± 4 mm long closely appressed to the ovary and style, and minute yellow anthers; narrowly subclavate style ± 2 mm long and as long as the ovary; small subglobose capsules ± 4 mm long; and elliptic, peripherally winged seeds ± 2.0-2.5 x 1 mm. This collection represents a range extension of some 200 km south of the type locality.

Additional specimen seen

South Africa, Western Cape, Sutherland (3220): Pienaars-fontein-se-Berge, Koedoesberge, (-CD), 17 Feb 2022 [fl. in cult], Narrower 6188 (NBG).

Drimia zambesiaca (Baker) J.C.Maning & Goldblatt in Manning et al. in Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60: 557 (2004); Manning in Bothalia 49: 4 (2019) [su-perfl. comb. nov.]. Type: Mozambique, Expedition Island, without date, Kirk s.n. (K, holo.).

Urginea amboensis Baker in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 665 (1903), syn. nov. Vera-duthiea amboensis (Baker) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter & Wet-schnig in Martínez-Azorín et al. in Phytotaxa 397: 296 (2019d). Type: Namibia, Ondangua (1715): Ondonga, Rautanen 773 (Z, holo.)

Albuca reflexa K.Krause & Dinter in Bot. Jahrb. Sys. 51: 445 (1914), syn. nov. Vera-duthiea reflexa (K.Krause & Dinter) Mart.-Azorín, M.B.Crespo, M.Pinter & Wetschnig in Martínez-Azorín et al.

in Phytotaxa 397: 296 (2019d). Type: Namibia, Tsumeb (1917): Nord-Hereroland bei Tsumeb, without date, Dinter 2694 (SAM [2 sheets], lecto., designated by Manning & Goldblatt, 2018: 67).

Note: These three names were treated as synonyms of Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop by Manning and Goldblatt (2018) following conventional usage but since the realisation that D. indica is restricted to the Indian subcontinent (Martínez-Azorín et al. 2018b; Yadav et al., 2019), the earliest available name for the African taxon as currently circumscribed is Drimia zambesiaca and the other two names are accordingly placed in synonymy.

 

Updated keys to species in selected sections

Sect. Capitatae

1a. Leaf margins thickened and cartilaginous, either papillate/colliculate or scabridulous: 2a. Bulb scales loose; leaves linear-channelled, 2.0-2.5 mm wide; pedicels 2-6 mm long; plants from Eastern Cape ........................................................... 37. D. chalumnensis

2b. Bulb scales closely packed; leaves plane, 4-25 mm wide; pedicels 5-10 mm long; plants from Western and Northern Cape:

3a. Leaf blades obtuse; margins colliculate; plants from Western Cape Fold Mtns .............31. D. ecklonii

3b. Leaf blades acute-apiculate; margins partly or entirely scabridulous on upper surface; plants not from Western Cape Fold Mtns:

4a. Leaf margins simple, densely retrorsely scabridulous along upper surface.............32. D. marginata

4b. Leaf margins duplex, narrowly colliculate along edge with submarginal band of erect or retrorse trichomes along upper surface ........................................ 33. D. pulchromarginata

1b. Leaf margins not thickened and cartilaginous, sometimes pubescent or scabridulous: 5a. Leaves usually 2 or more, plane or channelled above, with narrow hyaline margins:

6a. Leaves glabrous but minutely scabridulous along margins, at least distally.................28. D. virens

6b. Leaves pubescent or scabridulous on one or both surfaces: 7a. Leaves in a rosette, (15-)20-30 (-70) x (3-) 5-7(-9) mm, margins with long cilia and softly pubescent on one or both surfaces; tepals not fringed .................................... 29. D. barkerae

7b. Leaves in a loose tuft, 12-26 x 1.0-1.5 mm, margins glabrous, upper surface recurved-scabridulous; inner tepals fringe.................................................. 30. D. fimbrimarginata

5b. Leaf solitary (rarely two), without a distinct hyaline margin: 8a. Leaf glabrous, fleshy and semiterete to terete or clavate:

9a Dwarf plants, inflorescence 15-30 mm long..................................38. D. acarophylla

9b. Taller plants, inflorescence 40-100 mm long:

10a. Aerial portion of leaf 35-70 x 2-6 mm...................................34. D. vermiformis

10b. Aerial portion of leaf 15-25(-40) x 5-9 mm.................................34.1. D. pinguis

8b. Leaf plane, ciliolate or pubescent:

11a. Leaf retrorsely ciliolate along margins only with hairs ± 0.5 mm long.................35. D. ciliolata

11b. Leaf softly retrorsely pubescent on one or both surfaces and along margins with hairs ± 1.0-2.5 mm long: 12a. Leaf plicately grooved adaxially, with soft spreading trichomes 2.5 mm long on upper surface only

..............................................................35.1. D. hispidoplicata

12b. Leaf not grooved, with scattered retrorse trichomes ± 1 mm long on both surfaces. . .36. D. trichophylla

Sect. Ledebouriopsis

1a. Floral bracts 1.5-7.0 mm long: 2a. Plants evergreen with leaves synanthous; leaf blades concave above, the margins narrowly hyaline and smooth; bulb scales never fibrous, dark red below ground.........................9. D. delagoensis

2b. Plants deciduous with leaves hysteranthous or emergent at flowering; leaf blades canaliculate, the margins slightly thickened and papillate; bulb scales ± fibrous, white to pink:

3a. Bulbs with a conspicuous collar of stiff, apical fibres..............................7. D. multisetosa

3b. Bulbs with at most a weak collar of fine, pale fibres.............................6. D. echinostachya

1b. Floral bracts mostly up to 1 mm long:

4a. Raceme 1- to 3-flowered; plants from southern Namibia............................13. D. occultans

4b. Raceme > 3-flowered; plants from South Africa: 5a. Raceme congested, ellipsoid to subglobose with flowers mostly 0.5-2.0 mm apart: 6a. Scape longitudinally colliculate-scabridulous basally; perianth cup puberulous within; plants from Richtersveld............................................................16. D. barbata

6b. Scape glabrous; perianth cup glabrous within; plants from extreme southwestern Western Cape:

7a. Leaf terete or clavate, 1-2 mm diam...........................................15. D. salteri

7b. Leaf lorate-oblong, 10-16 mm wide.......................................15.1. D. densiflora

5b. Raceme elongate, laxly cylindrical with flowers mostly more than 3 mm apart, rarely 1-flowered: 8a. Leaf solitary and stiffly erect, (2-)3-5 mm diam., sheathing base with wide, chestnut brown, papery margins; bulb often with a thick papery collar...................................8. D. anomala

8b. Leaves 1 to 5, either solitary and erect but then less than 2 mm diam., or flexuous to drooping, sheathing bases with pale-papery margins, not forming a thick papery collar: 9a. Capsules ellipsoid to fusiform (rarely ovoid), usually more than twice as long as wide, 2-3 mm diam.; plants from southwestern South Africa........................................14. D. dregei

9b. Capsules ovoid, up to twice as long as wide, 3-4 mm diam.; plants from southern and eastern South Africa:

10a. Filaments retrorsely scabrid-papillate:

11a. Bulb scales loose, subglobose; cataphylls not barred ......................11.1. D. globuligera

11b. Bulb scales cohering, flattened; cataphyll transversely barred with thickened ribs .... 11.2. D. zebrinella

10b. Filaments smooth:

12a. Bulb scales loose and stalked; scape puberulous basally......................10. D. edwardsii

12b. Bulbs scales usually tightly packed, rarely loose and subglobose but not stalked; scape glabrous throughout or minutely puberulous basally:

13a. Bulbs elongated and proliferous, forming clumps; leaves 2 or 3 per bulb........11.3. D. prolifera

13b. Bulbs subglobose, not proliferating; leaf mostly solitary:

14a. Racemes 40- to 90-flowered; pedicels 17-25 mm long:

15a. Bulbs epigeal, keeled; leaves up to 500 mm long .........................12. D. flagellaris

15b. Bulbs hypogeal, smoothly rounded; leaves up to 200 mm long........ 11.4. D. longipedicellata

14b. Racemes 3- to 30(40)-flowered; pedicels 2-10 mm long:

16a. Flowers white, tepals 4-6 mm long; filaments 2-4 mm long.................11. D. calcarata

16b. Flowers buff to brown, tepals 3.3-4.2 mm long; filaments 1.4-1.9 mm long ...11.5. D. brachyandra

Sect. Macrocentrae

1a. Dwarf plants to 30 mm tall; leaves linear, 1.0-1.5 mm wide; pedicels 1.5-2.0 mm long......5.1. D. toxicaria

1b. Larger plants more than 60 mm tall; leaves linear to lanceolate or cylindrical and 3-14 mm wide; pedicels 2-14 mm long:

2a. Bulbs dark red; inflorescence (60-)200-450(-600) mm tall, scape mostly shorter than rachis, often less than half as long; bracts 1-3 mm long, spur of lower bracts up to 1 mm long; leaves 3 to 8, linear to narrowly lanceolate, channelled; plants from western and northern interior South Africa.....4. D. sanguinea

2b. Bulbs white to greenish; inflorescence 300-800(-900) mm tall, scape longer than inflorescence rachis; bracts 4-6 mm long, spur of lower bracts 20-35 mm long, forming a skirt below raceme in bud; leaf solitary, cylindrical, resembling scape; plants from eastern Drakensberg .............. 5. D. macrocentra

Sect. Physodia

1a. Inflorescence globose-capitate, all pedicels ± 0.5 mm apart and rachis not elongating in fruit; scape glabrous; lower bracts 1.5-4.0 mm long with a spur 1-6 mm long; plants from mesic grasslands along eastern Escarpment.........................................................39. D. depressa

1b. Inflorescence subcapitate-racemose or congested-racemose, lower pedicels often distant and rachis somewhat elongating in fruit; scape usually longitudinally puberulous; lower bracts 0.5-2.0 mm long with reduced spur up to 1.5 mm long; plants from drier habitats along western and southern coast and interior:

2a. Leaves subterete-filiform, 0.5-1.0 mm wide; pedicels arcuate-suberect in fruit..............42. D. minor

2b. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-25 mm wide; pedicels spreading-reflexed with tips abruptly erect in fruit:

3a. Pedicels (3.0-)5.0-6.5 mm long; ovary white with yellow shoulders edged with purple speckles; base of bulb and roots bulbilliferous..............................................40. D. montana 3b. Pedicels (8-)15-20(-30) mm long; ovary uniformly white; plants not bubilliferous........41. D. physodes

Sect. Thuranthos

1a. Stamens 3 (inner whorl only), filaments ± 4 mm long; tepals 4.5-5.5 mm long........21.1. D. pellabergensis

1b. Stamens 6, filaments >5 mm long; tepals >6 mm long:

2a. Inflorescence to 400 mm long; pedicels 8-12 mm long, abscising ± midway if not pollinated; tepals 7-8 mm long; filaments 6-8 mm long; capsules 5-7 mm long; plants from southwestern Western

Cape................................................................21. D. hesperantha

2b Inflorescence 150-1 300 mm long; pedicels 15-80 mm long, abscising at base if not pollinated; tepals 8-33 mm long; filaments 7-20 mm long; capsules 7-40 mm long; plants from Eastern Cape northwards: 3a. Filaments fusiform, constricted basally, ± 7 mm long; anthers subglobose-sagittate, ± 1 mm long at an-thesis; capsules on slender, horizontally spreading pedicels, subglobose-ovoid, ± 7 mm long; leaves

terete-canaliculate, 0.5-1.0 mm diam........................................22. D. vespertina

3b. Filaments filiform or lanceolate, sometimes abruptly narrowed midway but never constricted basally, 5-20 mm long; anthers oblong, 1.5-7.0 mm long; capsules on thickened, suberect pedicels, subglo-bose to ellipsoid, 3-lobed, 8-40 mm long; leaves linear-canaliculate, 4-18 mm wide:

4a. Leaf sheaths unmarked; tepals 22-33 mm long; filaments 15-20 mm long, basal 6-12 mm flattened and incurved around ovary forming a cage-like structure, sharply constricted and terete-fusiform above; style several times longer than ovary; stigma large and capitate..............25. D. macrantha

4b. Leaf sheaths barred or blotched with purple towards base; tepals 9-20 mm long; filaments 5-11 mm long, simple and lanceolate or fusiform; style as long as or slightly longer than ovary; stigma 3-angled: 5a. Inflorescence more than 500 mm tall; pedicels 35-80 mm long; tepals 14-20 mm long; filaments 7-11 mm long.......................................................24. D. pauciflora

5b. Inflorescence mostly up to 500 mm tall; pedicels 10-30 mm long; tepals 6-12 mm long; filaments 5-6 mm long:

6a. Bulb scales loose and spathulate; leaves keeled beneath; pedicels 10-12 mm long at anthesis; filaments ± 6 mm long............................................... 23. D. zambesiaca

6b. Bulb scales cohering; leaves rounded beneath; pedicels 20-30 mm long at anthesis; filaments ±

10 mm long.........................................................23.1. D. zebrina

 

References

Ali, S.S., Pfosser, M., Wetschnig, W., Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B. & Yu, Y., 2013, 'Out of Africa: Miocene dispersal, vicariance, and extinction within Hyacinthaceae subfamily Urgineoideae', Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 55: 950-964, https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12065.         [ Links ]

Baker, J.G., 1873, 'Revision of the genera and species of Scilleae and Chlorogaleae', Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 13, 209-292.         [ Links ]

Baker, J.G., 1903, Liliaceae, In H. Schinz, Kenntnis der Afrikanischen Flora XV, Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 663-665.         [ Links ]

Buerki, S., Jose, S., Yadav, S.R., Goldblatt, P., Manning, J.C. & Forest, F., 2012, PlosOne 7: e39377 (11 pp.), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039377.         [ Links ]

Crouch, N.R., Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Pinter, M. & Alonso-Vargas, M.A., 2018, Zingela (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a distinct new urgineoid genus from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Phytotaxa 371, 33-41, https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.4.         [ Links ]

Dold, A.P & Brink, E., 2004, Drimia chalumnensis (Hyacinthaceae-Urgineoideae), a new species from Eastern Cape, South Africa, Bothalia 36: 64-66, http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v36i1.336.         [ Links ]

Jessop, J.P, 1977, 'Studies in the bulbous Liliaceae in South Africa 7: The taxonomy of Drimia and certain allied genera', Journal of South African Botany 43, 265-319.         [ Links ]

Krause, K., 1914, Liliaceae africanae V, In A. Engler, Beiträge zur Flora von Afrika XLIII, Botanische Jahrbucher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 51: 440-450.         [ Links ]

Manning, J.C., Goldblatt, P & Fay, M., 2004, 'A revised generic synopsis of Hyacinthaceae in sub-Saharan Africa, based on molecular evidence, including new combinations and the new tribe Pseudoprospereae', Edinburgh Journal of Botany 60: 533-568.         [ Links ]

Manning, J.C. & Goldblatt, P., 2018, 'Systematics of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in southern Africa', Strelitzia 40, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.         [ Links ]

Manning, J.C., 2019, 'New synonyms and combinations in Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae) in southern Africa', Botha-lia 49(1), a2412, https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v49i1.2412 [pages 1-5].         [ Links ]

Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Alonso-Vargas, M.A., Dold, A.P, Pinter, M. & Wetschnig, W., 2018a, 'Austronea (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new genus from southern Africa, including the description of seven new species', Phytotaxa 365, 101-129.         [ Links ]

Martínez-Azorín, M., Dold, A.P. & Crespo, M., 2018b, 'Vera-duthiae zebrina (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from eastern South Africa, and a first genus record for southern Africa', Phytotaxa 375, 283-289.         [ Links ]

Martínez-Azorín, M., Crouch, N.R. & Crespo, M., 2019a, 'Austronea patersoniae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa', Phytotaxa 400, 76-80.         [ Links ]

Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Pinter, M., Slade, J.M. & Wetschnig, W., 2019b, 'Iosanthus (Hyacinthaceae subfam. Urgineoideae), a new genus from southern Africa to include Ornithogalum toxicarium and its removal from Orni-thogaloididae', Plant Biosystems 153: 580-588.         [ Links ]

Martínez-Azorín, M., Dold, A.P., Crespo, M.B., Pinter, M., Alonso-Vargas, M.Á. & Wetschnig, W., 2019c, 'A taxonomic revision of Geschollia (Asparagaceae, Urgineeae) - from a monotypic genus towards its diversification, including the description of five new species', Phytotaxa 427: 85-114.         [ Links ]

Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Alonso-Vargas, M.Á., Dold, A.P., Crouch, N.R., Pfosser, M., Mucina, L., Pinter, M. & Wetschnig, W., 2019d, 'New combinations in the tribe Urgineeae (Asparagaceae subfam. Scilloideae) with comments on contrasting taxonomic treatments', Phytotaxa 397: 291-299.         [ Links ]

Martínez-Azorín, M., Crespo, M.B., Alonso-Vargas, M.Á., Crouch, N.R. & Pinter, M., 2021, Triandra pellabergen-sis (Hyacinthaceae subfam. Urgineoideae), a new genus and species from Pella se Berge, Northern Cape Province, South Africa', Phytotaxa 487: 65-74.         [ Links ]

Nordenstam, B., 1970, 'Studies in South African Liliaceae 3: The genus Rhadamanthus,' Botaniska Notiser 123: 155182.         [ Links ]

Obermeyer, A.A., 1980, 'The genus Sypharissa (Liliaceae)', Bo-thalia 8: 117-137, https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v13i1/2.1294.         [ Links ]

Speta, F., 1998, 'Systematische analyse der Gattung Scilla L. s.l. (Hyacinthaceae)', Phyton 38, 1-224.         [ Links ]

Yadav, PB., Manning, J.C., Yadav, S.R. & Lekhak, M.M., 2019, 'A cytotaxonomic revision of Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in India', South African Journal of Botany 123: 62-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.01.018.         [ Links ]

Wright, C.H., 1916, 'Thuranthos macranthum', Kew Bulletin 1916: 233.         [ Links ]

 

 

Correspondence:
John Manning
E-mail: j.manning@sanbi.org.za

Submitted: 16 July 2020
Accepted: 17 February 2022
Published: 7 March 2022