Resumen

CHINGWARU, W.; VIDMAR, J.  y  CHINGWARU, C.. Potential of biotechnology for metals extraction in Zimbabwe: a review. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. [online]. 2017, vol.117, n.4, pp.381-386. ISSN 2411-9717.  http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2017/v117n4a10.

Zimbabwe is endowed with rich deposits of minerals such as diamonds, platinum, coal, uranium, lithium, gold, antimony, iron, and chrome. Bioleaching has been implemented as an efficient and low-cost method to extract metals such as copper, cobalt, and gold from sulphide and/or iron-containing ores and mineral concentrates in a number of countries around the globe. Zimbabwe, despite being a world leader in mineral wealth, has gone through years of economic stagnation which have brought with them energy shortages. Bioleaching is an innovative way to recover minerals from ores using relatively low-capital-cost and non-polluting technology. Principally, iron- and sulphur-oxidizing bacteria can be used to oxidize iron and sulphide to ferric iron and sulphuric acid, respectively, and the ferric iron oxidizes the insoluble metal sulphides to soluble metal sulphates that can be readily recovered from solution. Although some minerals such as gold are inert to biological reactions, they can be liberated using bacteria that act on certain types of ores and other minerals that co-occur with these minerals. The geology of the mineralized areas in Zimbabwe, rich in chalcopyrite / pyrite, allows a number of microorganisms to be used for the extraction of minerals by bio-oxidation. This paper reviews the potential of bioleaching in the country.

Palabras clave : bioleaching; bio-oxidation; gold; nickel; copper.

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