Abstract

NELSON, L.R.  and  HUNDERMARK, R.J.. The tap-hole - key to furnace performance. J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. [online]. 2016, vol.116, n.5, pp.465-490. ISSN 2411-9717.  http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n5a12.

The critical importance of tap-hole design and management for furnace performance and longevity is explored through examining some of the specific matte, metal, and slag tapping requirements of non-ferrous copper blister and matte converting and smelting, ferroalloy smelting, and ironmaking systems. Process conditions and productivity requirements and their influence on tapping are reviewed for these different pyrometallurgical systems. Some critical aspects of the evolution of tap-hole design to meet the diverging process and tapping duties are examined. Differences and similarities in tapping practices and tap-hole management are reviewed. Finally, core aspects of tap-hole equipment and maintenance are identified -aspects that are considered important for securing improved tap-hole performance and life, so pivotal to superior furnace smelting performance.

Keywords : tapping; tap-hole; ironmaking; ferroalloy; non-ferrous; matte; slag; blister; smelting.

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