Resumo

KITABA, Abera A. et al. Antimicrobial resistance trends in clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ethiopia. Afr. J. Lab. Med. [online]. 2024, vol.13, n.1, pp.1-7. ISSN 2225-2010.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ajlm.v13i1.2268.

BACKGROUND: Clinicians rely on local antimicrobial resistance pattern data to guide empiric treatment for seriously ill patients when culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results are not immediately available. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse 5-year trends in antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. METHODS: Bacteriology reports from 2017 to 2021 at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute were analysed retrospectively. Isolates were identified using either the VITEK 2 Compact system, the BD Phoenix M50 instrument, or conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using either the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method or the VITEK 2 Compact system and BD Phoenix M50 systems available at the time of testing. The Cochran Armitage trend test was employed to test the significance of antimicrobial resistance trends over time. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 5382 bacteriology reports examined, 458 (9%) were on E. coli and 266 (5%) were on K. pneumoniae. Both K. pneumoniae (88%) and E. coli (65%) demonstrated high resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. However, both K. pneumoniae (14%) and E. coli (5%) showed lower rates of resistance to carbapenems compared to other antimicrobials. In K. pneumoniae, resistance to carbapenems (from 0% to 38%; p < 0.001) and ciprofloxacin (from 41% to 90%; p < 0.001) increased significantly between 2017 and 2021 CONCLUSION: Both organisms showed very high resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Additionally, K. pneumoniae demonstrated a statistically significant rise in ciprofloxacin and carbapenem resistance. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: This study emphasises the significance of regular reporting of local antimicrobial resistance patterns as this information can guide appropriate empiric therapy and efforts to address antimicrobial resistance issues.

Palavras-chave : antimicrobial resistance; retrospective analysis; trend analysis; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Ethiopian Public Health Institute; Ethiopia.

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