Abstract

LEO, Leigh et al. The effect of the spatial positioning of items on the reliability of questionnaires measuring affect. SA j. ind. Psychol. [online]. 2016, vol.42, n.1, pp.1-8. ISSN 2071-0763.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v42i1.1303.

ORIENTATION: Extant research has shown that the relationship between spatial location and affect may have pervasive effects on evaluation. In particular, experimental findings on embodied cognition indicate that a person is spatially orientated to position what is positive at the top and what is negative at the bottom (vertical spatial orientation), and to a lesser extent, to position what is positive on the left and what is negative on the right (horizontal spatial orientation). It is therefore hypothesised, that when there is congruence between a respondent's spatial orientation (related to affect) and the spatial positioning (layout) of a questionnaire, the reliability will be higher than in the case of incongruence. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The principal objective of the two studies reported here was to ascertain the extent to which congruence between a respondent's spatial orientation (related to affect) and the layout of the questionnaire (spatial positioning of questionnaire items) may impact on the reliability of a questionnaire measuring affect. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: The spatial position of items on a questionnaire measuring affect may indirectly impact on the reliability of the questionnaire. RESEARCH APPROACH, DESIGN AND METHOD: In both studies, a controlled experimental research design was conducted using a sample of university students (n = 1825). MAJOR FINDINGS: In both experiments, evidence was found to support the hypothesis that greater congruence between a respondent's spatial orientation (related to affect) and the spatial positioning (layout) of a questionnaire leads to higher reliability on a questionnaire measuring affect. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: These findings may serve to create awareness of the influence of the spatial positioning of items as a confounding variable in questionnaire design. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: Overall, this research complements previous studies by confirming the metaphorical representation of affect and enhances our understanding of embodiment-related conceptual processing and its subsequent influence on self-evaluations versus external evaluations on an unconscious level, specifically in relation to measuring affect.

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