Resumen

CLEAK, T S et al. RSV bronchiolitis in 2018: A descriptive study of children admitted to two Johannesburg tertiary hospitals. S. Afr. j. child health [online]. 2023, vol.17, n.3, pp.141-145. ISSN 1999-7671.  http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajch.2023.v17i3.1984.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of severe bronchiolitis in children worldwide OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of children hospitalised with bronchiolitis and to compare those with RSV bronchiolitis with children with other viral causes of bronchiolitis METHODS: A retrospective study of children admitted with virally screened bronchiolitis to Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) and Nelson Mandela Children's Hospital (NMCH) from 1 February to 31 August 2018 was conducted, where RSV-positive and -negative children were compared. These children were identified by the National Health Laboratory Service as having undergone respiratory viral multiplex molecular assay analysis and hospital charts were retrospectively reviewed RESULTS: A total of 131 children admitted with bronchiolitis from CMJAH and NMCH were compared in this study, 58 from CMJAH and 73 from NMCH. In the sample group, 65 (49.6%) children had RSV in comparison with 66 (50.4%) children without RSV. Children with RSV comprised 55 (42%) children with RSV only and 10 (7.6%) children with RSV in combination with another respiratory virus. Rhinovirus was the second most common virus detected in this cohort of children (n=17, 12.9%) followed by adenovirus (n=12, 9.2%) and coronavirus (n=9, 6.9%). A statistically significant risk factor noted in children requiring hospitalisation for RSV bronchiolitis was age less than six months (p<0.001 Conclusions. Bronchiolitis is a common disease in children. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause of severe bronchiolitis in hospitalised infants less than six months of age.

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