Resumo

SIEGFRIED, N L et al. SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk in the school environment: A pilot case-ascertained prospective study to inform future school-based surveillance. SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. [online]. 2023, vol.113, n.5, pp.1213-1219. ISSN 2078-5135.  http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i5.16736.

BACKGROUND: There is no current active or passive disease surveillance programme focused on schools in South Africa (SA). As such, the country is missing an opportunity to rapidly and effectively flag and address pathogen outbreaks, for example SARS-CoV-2, in a key closed setting. Furthermore, the role of school transmission in the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus within communities is uncertain OBJECTIVE: This pilot study, conducted during March 2022 in Cape Town, aimed to indicate the feasibility of conducting intense active contact-tracing in a school environment prior to a large national study to compare school v. community SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk METHODS: We conducted a pilot school-level case-ascertained prospective study with a component of enhanced surveillance. Following study initiation, the first learner at a participating school who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive (via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or a rapid antigen test (RAT)) was invited to join the study as the index case and all their school-based close contacts were followed up telephonically, monitored for symptoms for 14 days, and tested using PCR if any symptoms were reported RESULTS: On 8 March 2022, a student with RAT laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was identified and they and their guardian consented to participate as the index case. Of the 11 eligible close contacts, six provided consent/assent and completed symptom-monitoring calls until the end of the 14-day study period. The secondary attack rate (SAR) was 2/11 (18.18%) of all close contacts who were at risk of infection, 2/4 (50.0%) of all those close contacts who developed symptoms, and 2/4 (50.0%) of all those close contacts who developed symptoms and were tested for SARS-CoV-2. During the same period, the school reported that 9 of the 926 learner body tested COVID-19 positive (0.97%). Total hours spent conducting monitoring for 6 learners was 27 hours, with each learner requiring approximately 4.5 hours of contact time during the study period CONCLUSION: This is the first SA school-based COVID-19 transmission study, the results of which can inform national discussions regarding the role of schools and school-based active and passive surveillance in pathogen prevention and control

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