Abstract

KOEGELENBERG, C F N et al. The current aetiology of malignant pleural effusion in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. [online]. 2018, vol.108, n.4, pp.275-277. ISSN 2078-5135.  http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.2018.v108i4.12914.

BACKGROUND. Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) represents a very common cause of pleural exudates, and is one of the most challenging pleural disorders to manage. This could be attributed to the paucity of high-quality experimental evidence, and inconsistent practice worldwide. South Africa (SA) currently has no data regarding the aetiology of MPE. OBJECTIVES. To identify the most common malignancies causing MPE in a population served by a large tertiary hospital in SA, and specifically the relative contribution of mesothelioma. A secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of chemical pleurodesis in a subset of patients. METHODS. We retrospectively included all known cases of MPE evaluated at our institution over a 3-year period with a tissue diagnosis of MPE. RESULTS. The most common causes of MPE in a total of 274 patients were lung cancer (n=174, 63.5%), breast cancer (n=32, 11.7%), unknown primary (n=22, 11.7%) and mesothelioma (n=27, 9.9%). Talc pleurodesis was performed in 81 of 194 patients (41.8%) referred to our division, and was radiologically successful in 22 of 25 (88.0%) followed up to 3 months. CONCLUSIONS. The main cause of MPE in our setting was lung cancer, followed by breast cancer, unknown primary and mesothelioma. Chemical pleurodesis was a viable palliative measure for MPE in this population.

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