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SAMJ: South African Medical Journal

versión On-line ISSN 2078-5135
versión impresa ISSN 0256-9574

Resumen

ESSOP, F B  y  KRAUSE, A. Diagnostic, carrier and prenatal genetic testing for fragile X syndrome and other FMR-l-related disorders in Johannesburg, South Africa: A 20-year review. SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j. [online]. 2013, vol.103, n.12, pp.994-998. ISSN 2078-5135.

BACKGROUND: Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability (ID) worldwide, is caused by the expansion of a CGG repeat in the fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR-1) gene. OBJECTIVES: To review, retrospectively, the genetic services for FXS and other FMR-1 -related disorders - including fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and FMR-1 -related primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) - at the Division of Human Genetics, Johannesburg, for diagnostic, carrier and prenatal genetic testing. METHODS: The records of 2 690 patients who had genetic testing for FMR-1 between 1992 and 2012 were reviewed. Of these, 2 239 had diagnostic testing, 430 carrier or cascade testing and 17 prenatal testing for FXS. Four had FXTAS or POI testing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or Southern blotting techniques were used to test the patients' samples for FMR-1 and FMR-2 expansions. RESULTS: Of the 2 239 patients who had diagnostic FMR-1 testing, 128 (5.7%) had a full mutation, 12 (0.5%) had a premutation and 43 (1.9%) an intermediate allele. In 17 prenatal tests, eight fetuses tested positive for FXS. FMR-1 CGG repeat distribution analysis in 1 532 males negative for the FMR-1 expansion showed that 29 and 30 CGG repeats were the most common (61.1%), but the distribution was significantly different in the black and white populations. CONCLUSION: The findings support the presence of FXS, as the most common cause of ID, in all local populations. The FMR-1 CGG repeat distribution varied from that found in other studies. The number of family members tested was relatively low suggesting that many at-risk individuals are not being referred.

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